Heart Failure Caused by Energy Drinks: A Case Report and Literature Review

Author(s):

Ewa Pasierbska*

This case report details a 34-year-old male patient, previously healthy, who presented with penile swelling, reduced tolerance for physical activity and occasional shortness of breath. Over one month, he experienced a 14 kg weight gain without a change in appetite. Physical examination revealed swelling in the lower limbs and scrotum. Laboratory results showed substantially elevated NT-proBNP(N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide), liver enzymes and high D-Dimer levels. Imaging indicated an enlarged cardiac profile suggesting pericardial effusion and a potentially fatty liver. His medical history included a significant intake of energy drinks, averaging four cans daily. Three months later, the patient returned with worsening heart failure symptoms, though echocardiography showed improved left ventricular ejection fraction (from 15% to 25%) despite persistent diastolic dysfunction. This case highlights the potential cardiotoxicity of excessive energy drink consumption, consistent with studies linking these beverages to cardiovascular issues, including sudden cardiac death. Research underline the impact of caffeine and other common ingredients in energy drinks on heart rhythm and function. With energy drink use rising among young adults, this case illustrates the need for increased awareness of the severe health risks they can pose. The patient was discharged in stable condition with recommendations for further cardiac assessment, including coronary angiography and potential evaluation for an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD). This report advocates for increased clinical vigilance regarding energy drink consumption and associated cardiovascular risks.